The co-viewing 2.0: Detaching from History and Applying in the New Media Age
Abstract
Since the advent of digital media and the 2.0 environments, the way we watch television and consume audiovisual media has changed. The audience can now be also called users, users who generate content and therefore share experiences online and offline. This has an impact on how the user understands TV content. For instance, the proliferation of user–generated content has made a strong impact on the different spheres of society, as people are able to access online information from anywhere (computers, mobile phones, tablets) and also share, create, contribute or view together new and mass media content. In other words, it has generated a new way of co-viewing. This concept of co-viewing comes after an experiment made with Sesame Street in 1970 whereby it was shown that when children watch television together with adults, their capacity of learning increases. Hence why I found it necessary, in this study, to develop a brief history review of co-viewing. After having examined the concept we also try to apply generate a new definition of co-viewing, what we call co-viewing 2.0. It is done to attach the concept in the actual environment. This intent also includes the use of this concept not just in the scope of children but in general as co-viewing and discussing media content with others can be an enhancing experience in terms of acquiring knowledge at any age.References
[1] E.W. Austin, D.F Roberts, C.I Nass, “Influences of Family Communication on Children’s Television-interpretation Processes”, Communication Research, vol. 17, no.4, pp. 545–64, 1990.
[2] K. Bredl, C. Ketzer, J. Hünniger, J. Fleicher “Twitter and Social TV: Microblogging as a New Approach to Audience Research” in G. Patriarche, H. Bilandzic, J. L. Jensen, Audience Research Methodologies: Between Innovation and Consolidation, Ed. New York, U.S.: Routledge, 2014.
[3] S. Ball, “The First Year of Sesame Street: An Evaluation. Final Report”, Educational Testing Service, New Jersey, U. S. Tech. Rep. vol.3 III, pp. 1-439, Oct. 1970.
[4] A. Bruns, Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From production to produsage, Vol. 45, Ed. New York, U.S.: Peter Lang, 2008.
[5] F. Canatta, “Tv e segunda tela: uma análise do horário nobre no Twitter.” , M. thesis, Pontifícia Univerdidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2014.
[6] P. Cesar, K. Chorianopoulos, “Interactivity and user participation in the television lifecycle: creating, sharing, and controlling content” in Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video, 2008, pp. 125-128, ACM.
[7] L. J. Claxton, K. C. Ponto, “Understanding the properties of interactive televised characters”, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 57-62, 2013.
[8] E. L. Cohen, A. L. Lancaster, “Individual Differences in In-Person and Social Media Television Coviewing: The Role of Emotional Contagion, Need to Belong, and Coviewing Orientation”, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 512-518, 2014
[9] S. M. Coyne, L. M Padilla-Walker, L. Stockdale, R. D. Day, “Game on… girls: associations between co-playing video games and adolescent behavioral and family outcomes” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 49, no. 2, pp.160-165, 2011.
[10] J. W., DeFelix, R. Johnson, J. A. Schick, ”Socio-and psycholinguistic considerations in interactive video instruction for limited English proficient students”, Computers in the Schools, vol. 7, no1-2, pp.173-190, 1990.
[11] M. Doughty, D. Rowland, S. Lawson, “Co-viewing live TV with digital backchannel streams”, in Proceddings of the 9th international interactive conference on Interactive television, Jun. 201, pp. 141-144, ACM.
[12] M. Doughty, D. Rowland, S. Lawson, “Who is on your sofa?: TV audience communities and second screening social networks” in Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Interactive tv and video, Jul. 2012, pp. 79-86, ACM.
[13] A. Dorr, P. Kovaric, C. Doubleday, “Parent‐child coviewing of television”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 35-5, 1989.
[14] M. Fanchi, La famiglia in televisione, la famiglia con la televisione: le nuove forme del consumo televisivo in familia, Vol. 183, Ed. Roma, Italy: RAI ERI, 2001.
[15] C. Finger, F. C. de Souza, “Uma nova forma de ver TV no sofá ou em qualquer lugar”, Revista FAMECOS-Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia, vol. 19, no.2, , pp.373-389, 2012.
[16] M. J. Haefner, E. A. Wartella, “Effects of sibling coviewing on children's interpretations of television programs”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 153-168, 1987.
[17] P. Haridakis, G. Hanson, “Social interaction and co-viewing with YouTube: Blending mass communication reception and social connection”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, , vol. 53, no. 2, pp.317-335, 2009.
[18] P., Hendriks Vettehen, R. P. Konig, H. Westerik, H. Beentjes, “Explaining television choices: The influence of parents and partners”, Poetics, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 565-585, 2012.
[19] H. Jenkins, M. Deuze,“Convergence Culture”, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 5–12, 2008.
[20] H. Jenkins, (2007). “Transmedia Storytelling 101". Confessions of an Aca-Fan; the Official Weblog of Henry Jenkins. Available: http://henryjenkins.org/2007/03/transmedia_storytelling_101.html
[21] H. Jenkins, Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. Ed. New York, U.S.: New York University Press, 2006.
[22] J. L. Jensen, A.S. Sørensen, “Analyzing Online Social Networks from a User Perspective: A Quantitative-Qualitative Framework”, in G. Patriarche, H. Bilandzic, J. L. Jensen, (2014). Audience Research Methodologies: Between Innovation and Consolidation, Ed. New York, U.S.: Routledge, 2014.
[23] N. M. Hopkins, A. K. Mullis, “Family Perceptions of television viewing habits”, Family Relations, vol. 34, no 2, pp. 177-181, Apr. 1985
[24] M. S. Lee, C. Heeter, R. LaRose, “A modern Cinderella story: a comparison of viewer responses to interactive vs linear narrative in solitary and co-viewing settings.” New Media & Society, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 779-795, 2010.
[25] J. Krumm, N. Davies, C. Narayanaswami, “User-generated content”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), pp. 10-11, 2008.
[26] P. Lévy, A inteligência colectiva para uma antropologia do ciberespaço , Ed. Lisboa, Portugual: Instituto Piaget, 1997.
[27] E. Mantzari, G. Lekakos, A. Vrechopoulos, “Social TV: introducing virtual socialization in the TV experience”, in Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video, Oct. 2008, pp. 81-84. ACM.
[28] D. G. McDonald, “Generational aspects of television coviewing”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 75-85, 1986
[29] M. McLuhan, O meio é a Mensagem: Os Meios de Comunicação como Extensões do Homem, São Paulo, Brazil: Cultrix, 1969.
[30] Nielsen (2014). An Era Of Growth: The Cross-Platform Report Available: http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/reports/2014/an-era-of-growth-the-cross-platform-report.html
[31] L. Oehlberg, N. Ducheneaut, J. D. Thornton, R. J. Moore, E. Nickell, “Social TV: Designing for distributed, sociable television viewing”, in Proc. EuroITV, May 2006, pp. 25-26.
[32] O’Reilly, T. (2005) What is the Web 2.0. Available: http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
[33] E. J. Paavonen, M. Roine, A. R. Lahikainen, “Do parental co-viewing and discussions mitigate TV-induced fears in young children? “, Child: Care, Health and Development, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 773-780, 2009.
[34] L. M. Padilla-Walker, S. M. Coyne, A. M. Fraser, W. J. Dyer, J. B. Yorgason, “Parents and adolescents growing up in the digital age: Latent growth curve analysis of proactive media monitoring.” Journal of adolescence, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1153-1165, 2012.
[35] M. L. Rice, A. C. Huston, R. Truglio, J. Wright,” Words from Sesame Street: learning vocabulary while viewing.” Developmental Psychology, vol. 26, pp. 421–428, 1990.
[36] F. Sang, B. Schmitz, K. Tasche, “Individuation and television coviewing in the family: Developmental trends in the viewing behavior of adolescents”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 36 no. 4, pp. 427-441, 1992.
[37] F. Sang, B. Schmitz, K. Tasche, “Developmental trends in television coviewing of parent-child dyads”, Journal of youth and adolescence, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 531-542, 1993.
[38] R. Stevens, W. R. Penuel, “Studying and fostering learning through joint media engagement.” in Principal Investigators Meeting of the National Science Foundation’s Science of Learning Centers, October 2010, in. Takenuchi, R. Stevens, “The new co-viewing: designing for learning through joint media engagement”, Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, vol. 1, pp. 1-75, 2011.
[39] C. Scolari, in M. C. Mungliogli, “A construção de mundos possíveis se tornou um processo coletivo. MATRIZes, vol.4, no.2, pp.127, 2011.
[40] C. Scolari, M. Carlón, El fin de los medios masivos: el comienzo de un debate. Buenos Aires, Argentina: La Crujía Ediciones, 2009
[41] J. Sutton, L. Palen, I. Shklovski, “Backchannels on the front lines: Emergent uses of social media in the 2007 southern California wildfires”, in Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference, May 2007, pp. 624-632.
[42] J. Lull, Inside Family Viewing - Ethnographic Research on Television’s Audience, Ed. London, U.K.: Routledge, 1990.
[43] L. Takenuchi, R. Stevens, “The new co-viewing: designing for learning through joint media engagement”, Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, vol. 1, pp. 1-75, 2011.
[44] A. Toffler, La tercera ola, Ed. Barcelona, Spain: Plaza & Janés, 1980.
[45] P. M. Valkenburg, M. Krcmar, A. L. Peeters, N. M. Marseille, “Developing a scale to assess three styles of television mediation:“Instructive mediation,”restrictive mediation,” and “social coviewing””,Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 43, no. 1,pp. 52-66, 1999.
[2] K. Bredl, C. Ketzer, J. Hünniger, J. Fleicher “Twitter and Social TV: Microblogging as a New Approach to Audience Research” in G. Patriarche, H. Bilandzic, J. L. Jensen, Audience Research Methodologies: Between Innovation and Consolidation, Ed. New York, U.S.: Routledge, 2014.
[3] S. Ball, “The First Year of Sesame Street: An Evaluation. Final Report”, Educational Testing Service, New Jersey, U. S. Tech. Rep. vol.3 III, pp. 1-439, Oct. 1970.
[4] A. Bruns, Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From production to produsage, Vol. 45, Ed. New York, U.S.: Peter Lang, 2008.
[5] F. Canatta, “Tv e segunda tela: uma análise do horário nobre no Twitter.” , M. thesis, Pontifícia Univerdidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2014.
[6] P. Cesar, K. Chorianopoulos, “Interactivity and user participation in the television lifecycle: creating, sharing, and controlling content” in Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video, 2008, pp. 125-128, ACM.
[7] L. J. Claxton, K. C. Ponto, “Understanding the properties of interactive televised characters”, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 57-62, 2013.
[8] E. L. Cohen, A. L. Lancaster, “Individual Differences in In-Person and Social Media Television Coviewing: The Role of Emotional Contagion, Need to Belong, and Coviewing Orientation”, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 512-518, 2014
[9] S. M. Coyne, L. M Padilla-Walker, L. Stockdale, R. D. Day, “Game on… girls: associations between co-playing video games and adolescent behavioral and family outcomes” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 49, no. 2, pp.160-165, 2011.
[10] J. W., DeFelix, R. Johnson, J. A. Schick, ”Socio-and psycholinguistic considerations in interactive video instruction for limited English proficient students”, Computers in the Schools, vol. 7, no1-2, pp.173-190, 1990.
[11] M. Doughty, D. Rowland, S. Lawson, “Co-viewing live TV with digital backchannel streams”, in Proceddings of the 9th international interactive conference on Interactive television, Jun. 201, pp. 141-144, ACM.
[12] M. Doughty, D. Rowland, S. Lawson, “Who is on your sofa?: TV audience communities and second screening social networks” in Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Interactive tv and video, Jul. 2012, pp. 79-86, ACM.
[13] A. Dorr, P. Kovaric, C. Doubleday, “Parent‐child coviewing of television”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 35-5, 1989.
[14] M. Fanchi, La famiglia in televisione, la famiglia con la televisione: le nuove forme del consumo televisivo in familia, Vol. 183, Ed. Roma, Italy: RAI ERI, 2001.
[15] C. Finger, F. C. de Souza, “Uma nova forma de ver TV no sofá ou em qualquer lugar”, Revista FAMECOS-Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia, vol. 19, no.2, , pp.373-389, 2012.
[16] M. J. Haefner, E. A. Wartella, “Effects of sibling coviewing on children's interpretations of television programs”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 153-168, 1987.
[17] P. Haridakis, G. Hanson, “Social interaction and co-viewing with YouTube: Blending mass communication reception and social connection”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, , vol. 53, no. 2, pp.317-335, 2009.
[18] P., Hendriks Vettehen, R. P. Konig, H. Westerik, H. Beentjes, “Explaining television choices: The influence of parents and partners”, Poetics, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 565-585, 2012.
[19] H. Jenkins, M. Deuze,“Convergence Culture”, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 5–12, 2008.
[20] H. Jenkins, (2007). “Transmedia Storytelling 101". Confessions of an Aca-Fan; the Official Weblog of Henry Jenkins. Available: http://henryjenkins.org/2007/03/transmedia_storytelling_101.html
[21] H. Jenkins, Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. Ed. New York, U.S.: New York University Press, 2006.
[22] J. L. Jensen, A.S. Sørensen, “Analyzing Online Social Networks from a User Perspective: A Quantitative-Qualitative Framework”, in G. Patriarche, H. Bilandzic, J. L. Jensen, (2014). Audience Research Methodologies: Between Innovation and Consolidation, Ed. New York, U.S.: Routledge, 2014.
[23] N. M. Hopkins, A. K. Mullis, “Family Perceptions of television viewing habits”, Family Relations, vol. 34, no 2, pp. 177-181, Apr. 1985
[24] M. S. Lee, C. Heeter, R. LaRose, “A modern Cinderella story: a comparison of viewer responses to interactive vs linear narrative in solitary and co-viewing settings.” New Media & Society, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 779-795, 2010.
[25] J. Krumm, N. Davies, C. Narayanaswami, “User-generated content”, IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), pp. 10-11, 2008.
[26] P. Lévy, A inteligência colectiva para uma antropologia do ciberespaço , Ed. Lisboa, Portugual: Instituto Piaget, 1997.
[27] E. Mantzari, G. Lekakos, A. Vrechopoulos, “Social TV: introducing virtual socialization in the TV experience”, in Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video, Oct. 2008, pp. 81-84. ACM.
[28] D. G. McDonald, “Generational aspects of television coviewing”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 75-85, 1986
[29] M. McLuhan, O meio é a Mensagem: Os Meios de Comunicação como Extensões do Homem, São Paulo, Brazil: Cultrix, 1969.
[30] Nielsen (2014). An Era Of Growth: The Cross-Platform Report Available: http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/reports/2014/an-era-of-growth-the-cross-platform-report.html
[31] L. Oehlberg, N. Ducheneaut, J. D. Thornton, R. J. Moore, E. Nickell, “Social TV: Designing for distributed, sociable television viewing”, in Proc. EuroITV, May 2006, pp. 25-26.
[32] O’Reilly, T. (2005) What is the Web 2.0. Available: http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
[33] E. J. Paavonen, M. Roine, A. R. Lahikainen, “Do parental co-viewing and discussions mitigate TV-induced fears in young children? “, Child: Care, Health and Development, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 773-780, 2009.
[34] L. M. Padilla-Walker, S. M. Coyne, A. M. Fraser, W. J. Dyer, J. B. Yorgason, “Parents and adolescents growing up in the digital age: Latent growth curve analysis of proactive media monitoring.” Journal of adolescence, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1153-1165, 2012.
[35] M. L. Rice, A. C. Huston, R. Truglio, J. Wright,” Words from Sesame Street: learning vocabulary while viewing.” Developmental Psychology, vol. 26, pp. 421–428, 1990.
[36] F. Sang, B. Schmitz, K. Tasche, “Individuation and television coviewing in the family: Developmental trends in the viewing behavior of adolescents”, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 36 no. 4, pp. 427-441, 1992.
[37] F. Sang, B. Schmitz, K. Tasche, “Developmental trends in television coviewing of parent-child dyads”, Journal of youth and adolescence, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 531-542, 1993.
[38] R. Stevens, W. R. Penuel, “Studying and fostering learning through joint media engagement.” in Principal Investigators Meeting of the National Science Foundation’s Science of Learning Centers, October 2010, in. Takenuchi, R. Stevens, “The new co-viewing: designing for learning through joint media engagement”, Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, vol. 1, pp. 1-75, 2011.
[39] C. Scolari, in M. C. Mungliogli, “A construção de mundos possíveis se tornou um processo coletivo. MATRIZes, vol.4, no.2, pp.127, 2011.
[40] C. Scolari, M. Carlón, El fin de los medios masivos: el comienzo de un debate. Buenos Aires, Argentina: La Crujía Ediciones, 2009
[41] J. Sutton, L. Palen, I. Shklovski, “Backchannels on the front lines: Emergent uses of social media in the 2007 southern California wildfires”, in Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference, May 2007, pp. 624-632.
[42] J. Lull, Inside Family Viewing - Ethnographic Research on Television’s Audience, Ed. London, U.K.: Routledge, 1990.
[43] L. Takenuchi, R. Stevens, “The new co-viewing: designing for learning through joint media engagement”, Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, vol. 1, pp. 1-75, 2011.
[44] A. Toffler, La tercera ola, Ed. Barcelona, Spain: Plaza & Janés, 1980.
[45] P. M. Valkenburg, M. Krcmar, A. L. Peeters, N. M. Marseille, “Developing a scale to assess three styles of television mediation:“Instructive mediation,”restrictive mediation,” and “social coviewing””,Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 43, no. 1,pp. 52-66, 1999.
Published
2015-09-15
How to Cite
PIRES DE SÁ, Fernanda.
The co-viewing 2.0: Detaching from History and Applying in the New Media Age.
Култура/Culture, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 11, p. 55-64, sep. 2015.
ISSN 1857-7725.
Available at: <http://journals.cultcenter.net/index.php/culture/article/view/164>. Date accessed: 25 mar. 2023.
Section
English Articles
Keywords
Co-viewing; TV, Collective Intelligence; User-generated content; new media; Social Network Sites
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Култура/Culture by MI-AN is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
